The Aca Requirements For Insurers - 1320 Words

The ACA requirements for insurers to cover mammogram Policy background Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the US. About 40,000 women die from breast cancer each year, making it â€Å"the second leading cause of cancer death among women† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) requires insurers to â€Å"provide coverage for and shall not impose any cost sharing requirements for† preventive services which are â€Å"in the current recommendation of the United States Preventive Services Task Force† (USPSTF). Nevertheless, the ACA makes an exception for breast cancer screening by stating that the USPSTF’s recommendation regarding mammogram â€Å"shall be considered the most current other than those issued in or around November 2009†. By using this legislative tool, the federal government mandates health insurers to provide coverage for annual or biennial mammograms in women aged 40 and older (US Preventive Services Task Force, 2013). While the ACA regulates the age limit, frequency, and cost-sharing rule of mammogram at federal level, preceding state policies regarding reimbursement for breast cancer screening dates back to the 1980s. Before the implementation of the ACA, the District of Columbia and all states except Utah required health insurance to cover mammogram. Laws vary slightly from state to state, but most of them mandate coverage for biennial mammograms for women aged 40 to 49 and annualShow MoreRelatedThe President Of The United States1243 Words   |  5 PagesPolicy Advisor Date: June 9, 2015 RE: Mandate recipients of government subsidy health care utilize ACA annual preventative care benefit before annual renewal There is no denying The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (more commonly known as ACA) is the largest health care reform in America’s history. ACA has provided affordable health care to millions of uninsured Americans nationwide. The ACA health care plans on the exchange (Marketplace) have to meet certain criteria, including provideRead MoreThe On Health Care Reform1290 Words   |  6 Pagesexpand health care coverage, however, in order to do so, many changes must be implemented in order to fulfill the ACA s promises. The first of which is allowing all individuals to acquire health insurance no matter the age, pre-existing conditions, or other unfair practices. Statistics show that â€Å"half of Americas† have a preexisting medical condition in which with the passage of the ACA, it allows individuals to acquire health insurance without the worry of having to pay high insurance bills (MoisseRead MoreUse Of Medical Loss Ratios1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Medic al Loss Ratio (MLR). The MLR was designed to regulate insurance providers and ensure the majority of customer premiums were being used to support customer outcomes surrounding the provision of health care. This Affordable Health Care Act (ACA) requires insurance providers to spend minimally 80 percent of premium dollars on medical care, with the review provisions imposing tighter limits on health insurance rate increases (CMS.gov, n.d.). In the event they fail to meet these standards, theRead MoreThe Implementation Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pagesimplementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), popularly known as â€Å"Obamacare†, has drastically altered healthcare in America. The goal of this act was to give Americans access to affordable, high quality insurance while simultaneously decreasing overall healthcare spending. The ACA had intended to maximize health care coverage throughout the United States, but this lofty ambition resulted in staggeringly huge financi al and human costs. The ACA requires insurers to accept all applicants, cover certainRead MoreA Brief Note On The Affordable Care Act1667 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA) provides us with the opportunity to advance health equity and social justice through expansion of Medicaid, establishment of state health exchanges and changes to private insurance to increase access. However, this opportunity has not been fully realized since the inception of the ACA because it was not implemented as a federal mandate, but rather allowed flexibility in Medicaid expansion by individual states. Other weaknesses result from the fact that ACA provisions have oftenRead MoreRationale Of Health Insurance Expansion1025 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Insurance Expansion Rationale of Health Insurance Expansion. In 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) (HHS, 2014). This law placed health insurance reforms put consumers in charge of their health care choices (HHS, 2014). The Affordable Care Act has been working to make health care more affordable, accessible with high quality for families, seniors, businesses and more (HHS, 2014). This law also was intended to change the Medicaid programs by providingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Mediciciana Plan1319 Words   |  6 PagesMedicaid programs beyond what is available under current law. Indiana is among the seven states that are using a Federal waiver to continue its seven-year-old Healthy Indiana Plan instead of implementing the traditional Medicaid expansion offered by the ACA. The Healthy Indiana Plan, also known as HIP 2.0 since 2015, is a health insurance program for uninsured adults with income at or below 138 percent of the Federal poverty level.1 Indiana Medicaid has three programs for patients with serious mental illnessRead MoreGoals Of The Afforadable Care Act1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe efficiency of healthcare. Expanding healthcare coverage - why did we need it? In 2010, the National Health Interview survey revealed that 16% of the American population were uninsured. Furthermore, in the year prior to the implementation of the ACA, census surveys affirmed that forty-seven (47.3) million Americans under the age of 65 were uninsured; this constituted 18% of the under 65 demographic. Moreover, of the individuals who had health insurance, thirty-one (31.7) million individuals spentRead MoreThe Provisions Of The Affordable Care Act1319 Words   |  6 Pages3.0 PROVISIONS OF THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT To Expand Health Care Coverage (a.) Expansion of Public Health Insurance Programs In order to decrease the amount of uninsured individuals one of the provisions of the ACA centered on expanding public health insurance programs namely Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program(CHIP). Medicaid was expanded to include children, pregnant women, parents, and adults without dependent children up to 133% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Medicaid expansionRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1057 Words   |  5 PagesAffordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable care Act also known as Affordable Care Act, Obama Care and ACA is an act signed into law by the current president of the United States, Barack Obama in March 23, 2010. Beginning in 2014, any failure to purchase minimum coverage will result in a person being fined. Also included in the Act are individual mandate requirements, expanding public programs, health insurance exchanges, transition to private insurance, what is required of employers

The Revelation Of The God Self Essay - 1397 Words

The revelation of the God-self is the most amazing experience a human being can have. From Genesis to Revelation, the Bible is full of divine disclosure that inspires and serves as the starting point for Christian worship. God initiates worship through the revelation of God’s salvific events for humanity, and we respond in awe, humility, and gratitude while ascribing honor and worth to the one and true God while living out a covenantal relationship of love and obedience with the Holy One. Dr. Ralph P. Martin mentions that in our contemporary setting of the worship experience â€Å"most worshipers anticipate that their church services will lift their spirits and give them a rosier outlook on life.† That is to say, that for many participants, worship is subjective, is about them, their needs and how they are met. Surely, the thought that worship is a response to the disclosure of God’s mystery at times is a far-fetched idea that needs to be rediscovered. Living in a secularized world, we are challenged to redirect worship where worship is due, and that is to God. Dr. William Dyrness reminds us â€Å"Worship that is rooted in the biblical record does not start with human need or activities at all, but with God and what God has done.† By focusing on us, we have lost the sense of awe that comes from the disclosure of God’s mystery. Therefore, we lack understanding about what worship is and whom we worship. Dr. Constance Cherry reminds us â€Å"Our understanding of Christian worship startsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Knowing God1371 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: KNOWING GOD Knowing God Module 2 Essay Sheila D. White Grand Canyon University HTH 505 April 18, 2013 Knowing God: The Doctrine Of Revelation Theology is the instruction concerning God or the deliberation of God.(Grenz, 2000, p.2) It endeavors to disclose the identity of God, the habitation of God, and the character, origin, position and importance of God. Humans commonly acquire information in three ways: through their senses, through their logic/reasoning, and throughRead MoreThe Doctrine of General Revelation775 Words   |  4 Pagesexplains the doctrine of special revelation in his book â€Å"Christian Doctrine† . Guthrie states that â€Å"Christians may differ in their answer to the question how and whether we can find God† but all Christians agree that we â€Å"know that God exist because he found us† (54). â€Å"God has revealed God’s most innermost self by speaking and acting in the world in a special way.†(54). This special revelation occurs in three distingue ways. God also revealed Himself in the person of Jesus. God has revealed Himself to theRead MoreGod s Word And Identit y : How We Decipher True From False Revelation? Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages God s Word Identity: How We Decipher True From False Revelation Pass or Fail Class (P/D/F) Michael Fegins ET1000- Liturgical Shape of Christian Life December 22, 2016 How can a person know whether or not his or her revelation of God is valid? I believe that one can find answers in the writings of James Cone. In his writings, A Black Theology of Liberation, Cone writes a chapter entitled, â€Å"The Sources and Norm of Black Theology†. One of the sources thatRead MoreEssay on Old Testament641 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å" With no revelation . . . there was no way to know what pleased and what angered . . . This is the plight of those who live in a world without revelation. In the end, for all of their conscientious ritual, they did not know what deity wanted† (p. 145). Please post a 400-word response to Walton’s statement. Discuss the importance of revelation to God and the biblical writers. Seek to answer questions like â€Å"Was it important for God to reveal himself to mankind? If so, in what ways has God revealedRead MoreThe Theology, Christology and Pneumatology of The Book of Revelation1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theol ogy, Christology, and Pneumatology of the Book of Revelation are highly reflective of the social, political and religious context in which the book was written. Within the text, we find expressed the views of an author, and Christian community in general, challenged by the power and ideology of Rome, as well as having to re-imagine and re-comprehend their God, and divinity in general, in light of the revelation of Jesus Christ and the work of the Spirit among them. Before beginningRead MoreThe Three Abrahamic Religions And Islam994 Words   |  4 Pagesevolved from – mainly Syrian – Christianity. Naturally the three religions share a lot of common elements, but also many differences. Like most religions, the Judaic, Christian, and Islamic religions see themselves as a true religion based on godly revelation, and claim universal validity. Because of the many different appearances of religious phenomena, many see themselves faced with the decision whether to grant validity to every denomination or none of them. In the past and even nowadays, a tendencyRead MoreWord Of God As Written, Incarnate, And Proclaimed1218 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ Word Of God As Written, Incarnate, and Proclaimed: Barth theorizes that Jesus Christ is the Word of God in three co-equal forms: the Word revealed, the Word written, and the Word proclaimed. As a co-centric circle the three forms of the one Word of God labor together in seamless harmony to produce the substance of all divine revelation. †¢ The Word Revealed: The New Testament notion of the incarnation – â€Å"the Word of God,† is inescapably centered on the idea that God has formed alliance betweenRead MoreThe Christian Reformed Church ( Crc )903 Words   |  4 PagesScripture, the saving revelation of God in Jesus Christ, addresses us with full divine authority in its total extent and in all its parts, and therefore the CRC speaks of the Bible as the inspired and infallible Word of God. DeYoung talks about General and Special Revelations. I do believe in a special revelation where God reveals to us that we can be saved. For me personally, I did not believe I could be saved. In fact, it took me years before I believed God gave me a revelation that I could be savedRead MoreRevelation Is The Act And The Result Of God957 Words   |  4 PagesDefinition of Revelation (in Bibliology) Revelation is the act and the result of God by which HE communicates to man the truth concerning Himself in relation to His creatures, and conveys to man the knowledge of His will. It includes general revelation and special revelation. God has given His revelation progressively concerning Himself and His will in a variety of forms and media (Heb.1:1). The special revelation is recorded in the Old and New Testaments. The Sources of General Revelation 1) Nature-creationRead MoreThe Ten Avenues Of Revelation1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe ten avenues of Revelation are: â€Å"The Lot, The Urim and Thummim, Dreams, Visions, Theophanies, Angels, Prophets, Events, Jesus Christ and The Bible.†1 The Lot is used as a form of communication from God to man. Lots were stones which were used that were casted to make decisions and one sees this where God makes the final outcome of these lots which are casted. The Urim and Thummim were gemstones that were carried on the high priest s breastplate and used as lots to make decisions on situations

Staffing Function Business Organizations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Staffing Function Business Organizations? Answer: Introducation Staffing function is an essential function for any organization. The success of any organization is dependent on its ability to attract and retain the right type of employees. Vacant position within an organization can be filled from within the organization or can be filled by outsourcing from outside the organization (Peck, 2017). Organizations are made of many managerial functions including controlling; staffing, coordinating, organizing and planning all which collectively facilitate the realization of organizational goals. Staffing is, however, the most important function as all other functions are dependent on the staffing function (Chou and Hung,2015). Staffing function is carried out through insourcing where the needed skills are sought from within an organization or outsourcing where skills are sought from outside an organization. Recently there has been a growing focus on outsourcing where the number of organization delegating functions to organizations that specialize in suc h functions has been on the rise. Outsourcing is the process of acquiring human resource services from outside an organization to allow an organization to focus on other core functions (Auksztol and Chomuszko,2013). This project proposal aims at analyzing the reasons that make organizations to outsource the functions and the impact of Outsourcing to Australian Organizations. The project commences with an identification of project aims and objectives followed by project scope identification, review of the literature, research hypothesis, research design and methodologies both qualitative and quantitative, research limitations, schedule and ends with a conclusion. Project Objective The project focuses on identifying whether outsourcing is beneficial to an organization and the specific benefits that come with outsourcing This research project aims at finding out the impact of Outsourcing for organizations within Australia The research seeks to find out the potential disadvantages of outsourcing for Australian Organizations. The project aims at understanding the advantages that accrue to organization as a result of outsourcing Project Scope This research project has a wide project scope. The project aims at finding out what impact outsourcing of functions has on organizations. The discussion of the project is only limited to the outsourcing of the staffing function. It aims at finding out both positive and negative impacts of outsourcing on organizations within Australia, and that is what informs the wide scope. For this reason analysis of sets of data from many different organizations is required. Literature Review So much literature has been written by various scholars on Outsourcing of business functions by organizations. Among them is Lacity and Willcocks (2014, pp. 66-92), who viewed outsourcing as a significant function for many businesses as a result of their potential benefits. They also viewed outsourcing as a function that can be classified into different types out of which each has its benefits. Chou et al., (2015, pp. 30-43) identify relational rents, adaptability, decreased the cost of manufacturing, tax evasion and strategic orientation as the main benefits of outsourcing. According to Auksztol and Chomuszko (2013, pp. 167-190), advantages of outsourcing can be classified into cost reduction, shift of focus, enhanced innovation, workload management and Expert operations in which experts help organizations in achieving better outcomes through acquisition of investments and technological knowledge and helping organizations to establish relations with experts in different fields .The research by Auksztol and Chomuszko (2013, pp. 167-190), however, has a weakness in that it fails to identify real-life cases and examples Smokovec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 121-152) identify risk sharing, geographical dispersion, and transparent project management as the main benefits of outsourcing. They state that outsourcing helps in reducing risk situations for an organization, helps them in escaping geographical barriers through the use of technology where is possible to organize activities throughout the year and creation of professional bonding which is important in the management of projects Wuyts et al. (2015, pp. 61-76). Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 152-163), identifies de-motivation, a risk to plans, data security issues and limited managerial authority as the main disadvantages of outsourcing of the staffing function. Dependence on experts from outside leads less focus on training and development hence a feeling of dissatisfaction among employees Verma et al. (2013, p. 322). Authority of managers is curtailed since they can only exercise their power from within their organization. It also leads to leakage of organizations data to outsiders Szymczak (2013, p. 151) and may have a negative outcome hence affecting an organization plans Thompson(2014, pp. 412-420). However, Peck (2017, p. 388) lists a few more inconveniences of incorporating outsourcing as an active process within the organizational structure: Peck (2017, p. 388) identifies lack of loss sharing, hidden costs, public backlash as the main inconveniences resulting from outsourcing. It involves other costs which make it expensive than activities carried out internally. Outsourcing enables service providers to escape potential losses since it is contracted on prepaid services (Molinelli and Paccagnella, 2013, pp. 65-78).Outsourcing is considered as a foreign practice which denies outsourcing companies a chance to be recognized a fact which is disputed by Moscaand Bordelon (2017) Research Design And Methodology The study will incorporate a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Qualitative research Qualitative research is an exploratory research that is intended at diving deep into a problem to gain a deeper understanding. Qualitative research is founded on descriptive data and is used in developing hypotheses and ideas for quantitative research (Goertz Mahoney, 2012). Qualitative data collected through this research will undergo an analysis to help understand the fundamental motivations, reasons, and opinions relating to outsourcing. These will be used as a basis for the conclusions of this research. Recent books, Journal Articles, and dissertations will be the main sources of data for this study. Collection of data will be then followed by classification in which similar sets of data will be classified together into groups, where each group will be given a unique code for purposes of identification and deduction .The study will use a number of qualitative research methods including ethnography which refers top qualitative research that is carried out on the basis of particip ant observation, Grounded theory which will be used to provide explanations behind the use outsourcing in organizations, phenomenological which will involve carrying out interviews, visiting different organizations to understand the meaning that different organizations place on Outsourcing and watching related videos. Case studies will also be used. The qualitative research methods will be used to arrive at a conclusion regarding the issue of investigation (Maxwell, 2012). Comparisons of performance in periods before the use outsourcing and the periods after the adoption of outsourcing will be used to analyze the impact of outsourcing of staffing function. The data so collected will be presented in reports which will include findings and recommendations. Quantitative research The quantitative method of research is used to collect data that is numerical. It refers to the systematic empirical investigation of phenomena that can be observed through the use of computational or mathematical methods. The four main types of quantitative research designs are experimental, descriptive, Quasi-experimental and correlation whose difference is with regards to the degree of control of the variables by the researcher (Hoy,2010). Quantitative research will be used in collecting numerical data on the impact of Outsourcing on various organizations. Much of this data will be extracted from financial reports of the sampled organization with a focus mainly on performance before and after the adoption of outsourcing. From this comparison, inferences will be made. Qualitative research will also be used to analyze data on the performance of employees before and after the adoption of outsourcing in the selected organizations. Data emanating from this method will be analyzed using Excel spreadsheets and Statistical Packages for Social Scientists (SPSS).Correlation and regression of the research variables will be used in determining the existing relationships between the variables (O'dwyer Bernauer, 2013). Presentation of data will be in forms of tables and graphs. Research Limitations It is expected that the research will face some limitations. Some of the limitations expected are unreliability of data collected by interviews which are likely to be underrated or exaggerated in some organizations (Hill, 2015). It is also expected that the research will be limited by time constraint because the time allocated for this research is not enough to collect and analyze as much information as possible. Time Schedule Task/Activity Time schedule Preparation for the study 15th Oct 2017-18th /10/2017 Data collection from various secondary sources 19th /10/2017-21st /10/2017 Data analysis 22nd /10/2017-27th /10/2017 Writing of report 28Th /10/2017-29th /10/2017 Presentation 30th /10/2017 Conclusion In conclusion this research proposal looks at the effect of Outsourcing of major functions among Australian organizations; it introduces the concept of outsourcing, presents the objectives and scope of the project and analyzes literature by various scholars on outsourcing. The research aims and objectives are providing to act as a guide during the research process as well as research hypothesis which will be addressed by the research. Project research design and methodology is also addressed and finally anticipated research limitations and time schedule. Reference List Auksztol, J., and Chomuszko, M. (2013). Business processes outsourcing: Origin and development.Zarza?dzanie I Finanse,pp. 167-190. Chou, S.W., Techatassanasoontorn, A.A. and Hung, I.H., (2015). Understanding commitment in business process outsourcing relationships.Information Management,52(1), pp. 30-43. Goertz, G., Mahoney, J. (2012). A tale of two cultures: qualitative and quantitative research in the social sciences. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. Hill, C. W. L. (2015).International business: Competing in the global marketplace.New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education, p. 319. Hoy, W. K. (2010). Quantitative research in education: a primer. Los Angeles, SAGE. Lacity, M. and Willcocks, L., (2014). Business process outsourcing and dynamic innovation.Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal,7(1), pp. 66-92. Lacity, M. C., and Willcocks, L. (2015).Nine keys to world-class business process outsourcing. London: Bloomsbury, p. 471. Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: an interactive approach. https://nls.ldls.org.uk/welcome.html?ark:/81055/vdc_100025519734.0x000001. Molinelli, F. E., and Paccagnella, L. S. (2013).Economics of regulation and outsourcing. New York: Nova Science Publishers, pp. 65-78. Mosca, J.B. and Bordelon, G.R., (2017). Human Resource Managers Detect Management and Legal Disadvantages to Outsourcing.Business, Management and Economics Research,3(2), pp. 152-163. O'dwyer, L. M., Bernauer, J. A. (2013). Quantitative Research for the Qualitative Researcher. https://nls.ldls.org.uk/welcome.html?ark:/81055/vdc_100025421708.0x000001. Bottom of Form Parlour, D. (2016).Successful outsourcing and multi-sourcing. London: Routledge, p. 389. Peck, J. (2017).Offshore: Exploring the worlds of global outsourcing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 388. Smogavec, T., and Peljhan, D. (2016). Satisfaction with outsourcing: Empirical analysis on the case of SMEs.Corporate Governance, pp. 121-152. Stanfield, K., and Thompson, S. (2014). Outsourcing.Biall Handbook of Legal Information Management. Farnham : Ashgate, pp.412-420. Szymczak, M. (2013).Managing towards supply chain maturity: Business process outsourcing and offshoring. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, NY : Palgrave Macmillan,Bottom of Form p. 151. Verma, S. B., Singh, S. K., and Gupta, S. K. (2013).Business process outsourcing. New Delhi: Shree Publishers Distributors, p. 322.Bottom of FormTop of Form Wuyts, S., Rindfleisch, A. and Citrin, A., (2015). Outsourcing customer support: The role of provider customer focus.Journal of Operations Management,35, pp. 61-76.

The Hip

Introduction Hip-hop is a contemporary wave of civilization consisting of music, style, and art. Hip- hop is one of the most famous music genres in the world of music. The genre has been made very famous in America in the recent decades by young African -American artistes. Currently, its fame and appeal has spread worldwide.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Hip-Hop Genre Origin and Influence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will extensively analyze the origin of the hip-hop genre with special focus given to its African roots. The paper will as well analyze four elements that are influenced by hip-hop culture. The four elements include Disk jockey, Graffiti, Rappers and the break dance. Additionally, the paper will extensively look at four contemporary artistes, their influence on other artists, genres, culture, religion and political as well as the economy. Finally, the paper will look at o ther genres that led to the development of hip-hop genre, and draw a comparison of specific musical traits found in hip-hop as opposed to earlier genres. Origin of Hip Hop The term hip-hop is a mixture of two break-up colloquial speeches -â€Å"hip† which was used as African American dialect as early as 1898, denoting current or knowledgeable, and â€Å"hop†, for the hopping association (Kimberly, 2004). Hip-hop music has its source in African-American music and African music. The genre is associated with a group of traveling West African singers and poets termed the Griot (Kimberly, 2004). The style of singing of the Griot was similar to that of current rappers. According to Forman Neal (2004), Keith cowboy was the first artiste credited with creation of the term Hip-hop. He did not intend on a new music genre name; rather, his intention was teasing a friend who had joined the US Army. Moy (2004), notes that Keith and DJ Hollywood used the term Hip-hop when the music was still known as disco rap. The actual time in which Hip hop as genre was adopted in the US is still not clear but according to Forman Neal (2004), the Griot -like presentation of spoken words had a great bang on post-civil war period i.e. the American society of the 60s. In actual sense, Hip-hop was for the first time generally accepted as a culture in New York City in the 1970s, through the block parties that were made famous by the combination of African- American and the Puerto Rican influence. Mostly, the music would be played in nightclubs within New York City (Hess, 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hess (2007), in addition, notes that from 1970s, the development of Hip-hop as a culture has been very complex due to immigrants from different parts of the world, who in one way or another equally contributed to the dynamic hip-hop culture as it is known toda y. Of specific importance in the development of Hip-hop music in US and New York City in particular is the American sailor DJ Kool Herc, who on migrating from Jamaica in 1967 started Dup style mixing that became extremely popular in Jamaica. Elements that are influenced by Hip Hop culture Disc jockey Disk Jockeys popularly called DJ is one of the four essentials that are influenced by the Hip-hop civilization. Popularly known as DJ or deejay, a disk jockey is a person who picks and play recorded music in effort to entertain his or her audience. Initially, disk was a term used to refer to gramophone; while disc was used to refer to compact disc. Today, the phrase includes all types of music playback, regardless of the medium. Several kinds of disc jockeys currently exist; and they include Radio deejays that are responsible for introducing and playing music that is transmitted on radio waves or on Internet radios. The other type of DJs is the club DJs who determine and play music in b ars and nightclubs, at raves or even in arena. Hip-hop deejays select and play music using various turntables, often to support one or more musicians popularly known as MC’s. Similarly Hip-hop deejays may in addition do disc spinning or scratching to produce percussive reverberation (Weigant, 1999). Weigant (1999) further observes that in reggae a singer who rap, or makes conversation over pre-recorded beat tracks where the person choosing and singing them is known as a selector. Mobile DJs on the other hand traverse with transportable sound systems and play recorded music at assortment of events. Since the inception of Hip-hop culture in the 70s, the art of deejaying has undergone tremendous changes, with almost every other kind of deejaying having something to copy from the Hip-hop deejaying (spears, 1999). Spear remarks that clear illustrations are changes experienced in nightclub deejaying as well as reggae deejaying where the ideologies of hip-hop scratching, cross fader stabs and mixing is nowadays very prominent. Graffiti (art) As Hip-hop continues to spread all over the world, so will some of the elements such as Graffiti, which are heavily influenced by the culture. Political activists and gangsters used, according Emery (2004), graffiti as a form of expression.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Hip-Hop Genre Origin and Influence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They were used to mark political boundaries as well as forming a sign of belonging to a certain group of gangs. Emery (2004), however, observes that the hip-hop civilization has indeed incorporated other meanings to graffiti; currently, tattoos and other funny drawings on one body is an indication of one’s loyalty to the hip-hop culture. Emery (2004), further notes that the affiliation flanked by graffiti and hip-hop customs arises from the emergence of latest and progressively more complicated and omnipresent type of the practice in vicinity where other essentials of hip-hop were developing as art forms- through a profound overlap connecting persons who wrote graffiti and those who adopted other fundamentals of the culture. Rappers Though there has always been a contradiction between Hip hop and Rap, Mitchell (2004), observes that Hip hop is not Rap and goes to the extent of defining, Rapping as a technique of transmitting a message, like singing, whining and whistling. Mitchell (2004) further clarifies that according to the founders of Hip-hop, it was meant to be a sub-culture, or means of living and governing one’s life. However, this did not restrain Hip-hop to have effect on Rap music and mostly in US and Jamaica. The Jamaicans who migrated to the US found it hard to refrain themselves from incorporating the reggae genre with Rap and eventually resulted into a brand of music called Ragga or dancehall. Break dance Break dance is a major element of hip-hop music tha t evolved in 60s. It is a dynamic style of dancing that incorporates a person dancing in such a way as to portray that person as one without a Skeleton. The dancing style evolved as part of the Hip-hop revolution and so far, it has been incorporated in other genre of music and not just hip-hop (Perkins, 1996). Perkins (1996), in addition, observes that a popular move of the break dance is called the Head spin, a shift in which a person seizes their whole body mass on their head. Famous contemporary artists of Hip hop Music Tupac Amur Shakur Early Life Tupac Amaru shakur is one of the most celebrated Hip-hop musicians of all the time (Olson, 2005). He was born of Afeni Shakur and Billy Garland in 1971 on the east Harlem in New York City (Olson, 2005). His parents were active members of an organization fighting for the rights of black minority in New York (Olson, 2005). Olson (2005) further notes that Shakur was a promising artiste from his young age and apart from regularly participa ting in drama and plays in high school, he was one of the best poet and rapper in school. Rapping Life Though very promising as an artiste, Shakur did not live long to enjoy fully the fruits of his talent. In late 1993, in a group of his friends and brother, Shakur formed a music group called ‘thugs life’ and happened to record only one album, which was produced by Johnny â€Å"j† Jackson (Olson, 2005). The album went gold i.e. selling millions of copies, with most of the songs in the album hitting platinum in sales as well as topping the billboards for records (Olson, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conflict with Law Most of Shakur’s early songs were perceived to encourage violence and anarchy and mostly against the law enforcing officers (Olson, 2005). Olson (2005) in particular notes a case involving a young black man who was arrested over the killing of a police officer. After a thorough investigation, the young man was found to be a diehard of Tupac music and of concern in the case, was the fact that the young man was listening to Tupac songs in his Walkman radio cassette in the instance when he committed the crime. This led a request from the then vice president of the US that such music from Shakur is done away with from the countries music stores. Being a talented artiste notwithstanding, Shakur’s short life was full of controversies and most of his adult life was spent either in jail or in law court’s corridors. In two notably instances, he was jailed for shooting a law enforcing officers as well as for sexual molestation. Nevertheless, his fame fol lowed him inside prison where, while still serving his sentence for sexually molesting a woman, he released an album that went on record for both the best selling album by a single rapper serving jail term, as well as for topping billboards for five consecutive weeks. Death Tupac shakur met his death in Las Vegas after attending a boxing match featuring Mike Tyson. He was shot five times and died few days later due to respiratory problem as well internal bleeding caused by the gunshots. What made shakur to stand out among his peers and other competing musicians of his time were his immense talent and his originality (Olson, 2005). Olson (2005), further notes that many rappers of the 90s attest that almost every single rapper of the time borrowed something from the life of Tupac. His social activism against black injustices was another factor that propelled him to such magnitude of fame, almost making him a legend in the Hip-hop world Kanye West Kanye West was born in 1977 in Atlanta Georgia to an English professor mother and award winning photographer father. His parents separated when West was young, hence was partly raised by his mother in Chicago and occasionally stayed with his father during the summer vocations. Hip hop Life West’s hip-hop life started early in life, though in a very controversial way. After completing high school, West enrolled in the University to study arts, but later dropped out after only one year. He later confessed that he was not learning fast enough while at school and consequently the decision to drop out, because life was teaching him better. West, contrary to many other great Hip-hop artistes has a reputation of recording inspirational songs, which differs from many other songs from artiste in the same genre. Of particular importance in West way of life is his appreciation of God given talent to inspire and help the needy. He was among the artistes who participated in a 2005 music concert that took place in 5 different continents of the world, trying to recommend world leaders and mostly from developed countries to increase their efforts in trying to eradicate poverty in Africa. Through his sole effort, Kanye West has revolutionalized the Hip-hop music i.e. changing the tradition negative perception associated with the Music to a socially acceptable standing. Initially, Hip-hop reflected a chaotic and gangster like sort of entertainment. Many hip-hop artistes have been banned by different governments of the world for their dirty hip-hop lyrics, which many perceive as a bad inspiration to the young generation Influence of Tupac Shakur and Kanye West on other artists, genres, cultural, political, economical influences, religious etc Many great hip-hop artistes have so far influenced the life of other artiste, world cultures and economies. However, Tupac Shakur and Kanye West’s influence stands out compared to the rest of the artistes. Influence on other artistes The effect of Tupac Shakur was evident both while alive and later in life after his death. In many interviews, many hip-hop artistes concurred that Tupac did not sound or copied anyone who lived before him. He was just himself and that alone encouraged many artistes making them to believe in themselves very much and in the process became very successful in their music careers. Similarly, Kanye West has had an equal effect on other artistes, with many describing him as a phenomenon in the music industry. West is reputed for his unique qualities in music production and equally for his enormous talents in writing, composing as well as singing. West has in the process helped many renowned and seasoned musicians such as Jay z, Mary J Blinge, Beyonce and many others Culture Tupac shakur single handedly revolutionalized the Hip-hop culture. Starting from music itself, it was during his time that hip hop music was able to escalate to the level it is today. Hip hop became popular the world over as a result of the rivalry between the east coast and west coast groups of hip hop musician. On clothing, style and fashion, Tupac became a fashion icon and everything he wore was an instant hit to be emulated by all especially the youths (Price 2006). It is further observed by Price (2006) that sagging trousers, fitting tops ,gangster-like and prison cloths became an instant dressing style, most of which were associated or originated from shakur. The other part of culture to be influenced by Shakur was in art. This particular concept took the Hip-hop world with complete craziness as almost every musician was drawn a tattoo on his or her body. This art became so popular that even non-musician also participated in the drawing. Tupac in particular had more than one tattoo and one was dedicated to his first Hip-hop group called the Thug life. Other elements associated with Hip-hop sub culture included strange hairstyles, Gold teeth the crucifix among many others. On the hairstyle Tupac in person was bald headed a shaving style he is almost synonymous with. However, other artiste would be found pleating their hair while others would entertain funny haircuts. Economic influence Hip Hop’s economic influence became more pre-eminent upon Tupac Shakur’s death. Economically, Hip-hop was viewed as the cheapest means of making one a multi millionaire over night. To some extent, this proved to be true. Posthumously, Tupac had sold millions of albums worth millions of Dollars. West on the other side has as well registered an overwhelmingly large fortune from his music career. The industry, with no doubt, is capable of changing one’s life overnight. Owing to the influence of Tupac, many more musicians started the race to be the next millionaires (Donalson, 2007). Additionally, Donalson (2007), remarks that this resulted in recording and selling of multi millions music projects and that apart from music, Tupac hugely benefited from his talents in acting where he was featured in qu ite many movies. Once again, this became another source of wealth and almost every Hip-hop musician turned an actor or simultaneous performed both roles. Other genres that lead to the development of Hip hop Music. Before hip-hop became what it is today, several other genres had eased toward the development of Hip-hop. Of particular concern was the Griot-like performance associated with rapping poetry. Other genres included the Dup music that originated from Jamaica as well as the famously genre known as disco, which was mostly played in rave at nightclubs. Comparison of specific musical traits found in hip-hop as opposed to earlier genres Compared to the earlier genres, hip-hop has so much revolutionalized such that one may fail to establish any relationship between Hip-hop and the earlier genres. The performance of hip-hop for instance has greatly changed in that an artiste can perform in any venue be it a stadium, or in night clubs (Roy, 2004. Roy (2004), notes that earlier genres had specific avenues and that it was extremely hard for one to perform anywhere like it is the case today. Similarly, Roy (2004) notes that the way hip-hop is performed currently is different from the way it was played in earlier genres. Earlier genres did not incorporate much of electric instrument and mostly relied on simple instrument, which is definitely the case today. Conclusion Looking hundreds of years back, one cannot fail to marvel at the long journey that Hip-hop has so far endured to be the darling of many today. Starting with its origin from West Africa through the traveling Gloit musicians, Hip-hop has undergone tremendous revolution. Hip-hop of today is very different from the way it was initially composed and played. The genre has as well taken part in changing people’s day-to-day way of life starting from economic, cultural to political. Along the tiresome journey, it has had it high and low moments, claiming lives of many great artistes while at the same ti me helping to spread inspiration message of hope to the homesteads of millions of needy people worldwide. Nevertheless, Hip-hop has as well attracted admirers and critics. Many critics perceive the music as a bad inspiration to the young people; this was occasioned by its gangster- like stand and thus has been fought in many fronts. Many Hip-hop artistes have for long been on collision course with the law due to the kind of rebellious attitudes it ferments. Consequently, most of the genre’s critics spearheaded campaigns for its ban. Overall, the genre has fought off many critics and today it still stands shoulder high as a favorite genre. With the initiatives from new artiste to modernize the genre, it is beyond doubt that Hip-hop will attract more admirers. Slowly, hip-hop lovers have been keen on changing the negative perception, beliefs and attitude some members of society have of the genre. Reference List Donalson, M. (2007). Hip-hop in America. Peter Lang Publisher: New York Emery, A. (2004). the book of hip hop covers art, Mitchell Beazley publisher, New Hampshire. Forman, M. Neal, A. (2004). That’s the joint! The Hip-hop Studies Reader. Routledge Publishers: California. Hess, M. (2007). Is Hip Hop Dead? : The Past, Present, and Future of America’s Most Wanted Music. Greenwood Publishing Group: New York. Kimberly, D. (2004). The Many Faces of Kanye West: Producer-Turned-Hit Rapper Takes Hip-Hop In New Direction. Ebony Publisher: New York. Mitchell, T. (2004). A Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop outside the USA. Wesleyan University Press: Connecticut Moy, R. (2004). Popular Music Genres. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh Olson, N. (2005). Tupac Shakur. Capstone Press: Minnesota Perkins, W. (1996). Dropping Science: Critical Essays on Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture. Temple University Press: Philadelphia Price, N. (2006). Hip-hop Culture. ABC-CLIO publishers: San Francisco. Spears, A. (1999). Race and Ideology: Language, Symbolism, and Popular Culture. Wayne State University Press: Detroit. Weigant, C. (1999). Careers as a Disk Jockey. 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